<h2>Taxes</h2>
<h3>Tax Return</h3>
A sole proprietor (FOP) is required to file an income tax return for the 2025 tax period if their income in 2025 exceeded 2&nbsp;876,90&nbsp;€.
If the entrepreneur’s income did not exceed the указанed amount but they report a tax loss, they are also required to file a tax return.
A tax loss arises when, for the relevant tax period, tax-deductible expenses exceed income.

<h3>Deadline for Filing the Tax Return</h3>
The last day to file the tax return for 2025 is 31.03.2026. This deadline remains unchanged even if the business activity was terminated during the year.
Based on a notice submitted to the relevant tax authority, this deadline may be extended by up to three full calendar months. If the entrepreneur’s income includes income from sources abroad, the tax return filing deadline may be extended by up to six full calendar months.
In the event of the entrepreneur’s death, the tax return is filed by the heir no later than 3 months from the date of death.

<h3>Value Added Tax (VAT)</h3>
For VAT purposes, the obligation to register applies to any taxable person who has a registered office or residence, a place of business, or a permanent establishment in the territory of the Slovak Republic and who, during 2025, achieves turnover of 50 000 € from services supplied domestically. In this case, you become a VAT payer as of 1 January 2026.
You also become a VAT payer at the moment your turnover during the year exceeds 62 500 €. In this case, VAT payer status arises at the moment you supply the goods or services by which you exceed this turnover.
The standard VAT rate is set at 23&nbsp;%. Reduced rates are 5&nbsp;% (selected types of food, medicines, books, accommodation services, restaurant and catering services, admission fees, etc.) and 19&nbsp;% (selected types of food, water, electricity, etc.).
There is also an option of voluntary VAT registration without reaching the above turnover.

VAT is suitable for:
<ul style="margin-top: 7px;">
<li>entrepreneurs with larger investments in a project,</li>
<li>entrepreneurs who work with VAT payers,</li>
<li>entrepreneurs who do business with foreign clients.</li>
</ul>

We do not recommend becoming a VAT payer:
<ul style="margin-top: 7px;">
<li>if your clients are ordinary individuals who are not VAT payers,</li>
<li>if the amount of input VAT is not significant and your costs are low,</li>
<li>if you provide low-cost services with a high share of intellectual work.</li>
</ul>

You can register via the form on the Financial Administration’s website.

<h3>Transaction Tax</h3>
From 01.01.2026, obligations related to the transaction tax are abolished for sole proprietors (FOP).

<h2>Social Insurance Contributions</h2>
After the adoption of the consolidation package, many changes affect mainly the payment of contributions to the Social Insurance Agency. The contribution “holiday” period is shortened and payment obligations are also changing.
Until now, the amount of Social Insurance contributions depended on the entrepreneur’s income achieved in the previous calendar year. In 2026, the income threshold changes, as well as the rules if the threshold is not exceeded.
In the first year of business activity, a starting entrepreneur was exempt from paying Social Insurance contributions. This obligation applied only from the second year of business, after filing the first tax return—specifically from 1 July (or 1 October if the tax return filing deadline was extended). Thus, the contribution “holidays” could previously last up to 21 months, depending on the date the business was started and when the first tax return was filed.
Changes have been introduced, and the start of mandatory social insurance for self-employed persons will no longer depend on reaching a certain income threshold, but will begin on the first day of the 6th calendar month from obtaining the authorization to perform or operate the business activity.
This rule applies to all starting entrepreneurs, as well as to entrepreneurs who decide to start again after ending their business activity, provided more than 60 months (5 years) have passed since the termination.
If the self-employed person’s mandatory insurance was suspended, for example due to suspension of the business, mandatory insurance arises from the day following the end of the suspension of mandatory insurance.
The minimum assessment base is also increased to 60% of the average monthly wage for 2024, which means it will be 914,40 €. The maximum assessment base for 2026 is set as 11 times the average monthly wage from two years ago, i.e. 16 764 €.
Minimum social contributions in 2026 amount to 303,11 €. The maximum assessment base in 2026 is 16 764 €.
A special assessment base for entrepreneurs whose contribution “holidays” are ending and for entrepreneurs with low income will be 396,24&nbsp;€ in 2026 (26&nbsp;% of the average monthly wage from two years ago). These persons will start paying contributions from 01.07.2026 in the amount of 131,34 €.
An entrepreneur could also be exempt from paying contributions in subsequent years if they had low income. An entrepreneur with low income is considered a person whose income in 2024 was lower than 8&nbsp;580&nbsp;€ and in 2025 lower than 9&nbsp;144&nbsp;€.
The monthly assessment base of an insured self-employed person is calculated as one twelfth of the income tax base divided by the coefficient 1.486:
tax base : 1.486 : 12&nbsp;
If, based on the calculation, the resulting amount is lower than the minimum contribution, the self-employed person will pay contributions at the minimum statutory level.

Individual contributions are paid at the following rates (total 33.15&nbsp;% of the assessment base):
<ul style="margin-top: 7px;">
<li>sickness insurance — 4.4&nbsp;% of the assessment base</li>
<li>old-age pension insurance — 18&nbsp;% of the assessment base</li>
<li>disability insurance — 6&nbsp;% of the assessment base</li>
<li>solidarity reserve fund — 4.75&nbsp;% of the assessment base</li>
</ul>

You will be informed about the amount and payment of contributions by the Social Insurance Agency. After filing the tax return for 2025, the Social Insurance Agency will adjust the amount of monthly social contributions, and the new payment amount will apply from 01.07.2026 or from 01.10.2026, depending on the tax return filing deadline.

<h2>Health Insurance Contributions</h2>
This obligation arises for an entrepreneur from the first day of carrying out the business activity. Nothing has changed in this respect, and the entrepreneur is required to pay health insurance contributions regardless of the amount of their income. The obligation to register for advance payments applies to a self-employed person within 8 days from starting the business activity. This applies only to entrepreneurs whose health insurance contributions are not paid by an employer or the state.*
The assessment base is set at 50&nbsp;% of the average monthly wage from two years ago, which in 2024 was 1&nbsp;524&nbsp;€. The minimum assessment base is therefore 50&nbsp;% of this amount, i.e. 762 €.
Health insurance contributions are paid at a rate of 16&nbsp;% of the assessment base. In 2026, the minimum advance payment is 121,92 €. In the case of disability, the health insurance rate is 8&nbsp;% of the assessment base and the minimum advance payment is 60,96&nbsp;€. There is no maximum cap for health insurance contributions.
Insufficient payment of advance payments may result in an underpayment at the end of the year, calculated by the health insurance company based on the annual settlement.
Insufficient payment of advance payments may result in an underpayment at the end of the year, calculated by the health insurance company based on the annual settlement.
You will be informed about the amount and payment of advance payments by your health insurance company.

<h2>Conclusion</h2>
Thank you for taking the time to read our overview of changes in taxes and contributions for sole proprietors (FOP). We hope the article helped you better understand what to expect from 2026 and that you will be able to adapt your business to the new rules without unnecessary stress. 💚
If you want to stay up to date with further changes, follow our articles. We will be happy if you decide to use our services.
With respect,
The Oki-Doki.sk Team 🐾😸

How have the costs of running a sole proprietorship changed? Key updates from the consolidation and taxes and insurance contributions in 2026.

Taxes and Contributions 2026: Costs of Running a Sole Proprietorship